Role of magnetic resonance venography in evaluation of cerebral veins and sinuses occlusion

Cerebral venous occlusion [CVO] means intraluminal obstruction by cerebral venous thrombosis [CVT] or external compression. The differential diagnosis is broad including stroke, brain capillary telangiectasia, contusion, hypertensive hemorrhage, metastases and venous vascular malformations. MRI in conjunction with MRV is considered the modality of choice in diagnosis of CVO. To assess the role of magnetic resonance venography in the evaluation of cerebral veins and sinuses occlusion. The study was conducted on 15 patients with cerebral venous occlusion and subjected to MRI and MRV. The study included 13 patients with cerebral venous occlusion due to thrombosis and two patients with occlusion by tumors [meningioma]. MRI in conjunction with MRV is considered an accurate, safe, non-invasive, nonionizing diagnostic modality in assessing CVO. It can assess parenchymal lesions and detect intraluminal small thrombi and its extension

role of multi-detector computed tomography in the assessment of cystic and cavitary pulmonary lesions

Lung cysts and cavities are well defined lesions with definable walls containing air or fluid. The differential diagnosis is broad including congenital, idiopathic, infective or neoplastic lesions. Multidetector row CT is primary non-invasive evaluation of cystic and cavitary lesions. To assess the role of multi-detector computed tomography [MDCT] in evaluation of cystic and cavitary lesions in the lung. The study was conducted on 63 patients with cystic or cavitary pulmonary lesions and subjected to MDCT. The study included 33 patients with infective lesions, 13 patients with idiopathic lesions, eight patients with congenital lesions, seven patients with neoplastic lesions and two patients with pseudocystic lesions proved to be due to diaphragmatic hernias. MDCT is an accurate safe diagnostic modality in assessing cystic and cavitary lung lesions; it can assess wall thickness, size, contents and surrounding parenchyma

Role of multi-row detector CT enterography in evaluation of small bowel disorders

Imaging diagnosis of small bowel diseases has long been technically challenging. Imaging techniques included plain radiography, contrast studies, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], sonography, scintigraphy and angiography. Multi-row detector CT [MDCT] enterography is a new technique that improved depiction and characterization of small bowel pathology. To assess the role of multi row detector computed tomography [CT] enterography in evaluation of small bowel disorders. The study was conducted on 30 patients suffering from known or suspected small intestinal disease and subjected to CT enterography using multi-detector row CT and iso-osmotic mannitol as neutral enteric contrast material. CT showed symmetrical mural and mucosal changes in 12 patients, seven of them associated with comb sign and creeping fat sign proved to be Crohn's disease and five patients without specific features due to Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, typhoid colitis, ileitis sequel to complicated appendicitis and typhlitis with ileitis. CT showed symmetrical thickening, grey attenuation pattern and aneurysmal dilatation proved to be lymphoma in three patients. CT showed vascular occlusion and mural changes in two patients. CT showed hyperattenuating lesion in two patients due to bowel wall hematoma, CT showed asymmetrical thickening in four patients, two of them showed infiltrative mesenteric mass with calcifications and desmoplastic reaction proved to be due to carcinoid tumour. One patient with asymmetrical thickening showed strongly enhancing lesion in the enteric phase in the second part of duodenum proved to be periampullary carcinoma. The fourth patient with asymmetrical thickening showed heterogeneous enhancement in the venous at distal heal loop with mesenteric stranding, lymph adenopathy and liver deposit proved to be due to adenocarcinoma. CT showed dilated bowel loops with transitional zone in two patients proved to be due to intestinal obstruction, There were five patients with unremarkable CT features that were followed up without definite lesion. CT enterography with iso-osmotic mannitol is a simple, non invasive, economic, effective method for assessing small bowel disease and can replace other imaging modalities

Magnetic resonance imaging in differentiation between usual and unusual cerebellopontine angle lesions

To assess the role*of MRI in differentiation between usual and unusual cerebellopontine angle [CPA] lesions.The study was conducted on 40 patients with signs and symptoms pointing to CPA lesions and subjectedto MRI examination.MRI showed usual lesions such as Schwannoma in 14 patients and meningioma in eight patients. Lessfrequent lesions include glomus tumour in five patients and chordoma in five patients. Unusual lesions such asepidermoid cyst, arachnoid cyst, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, expophytic glioma, papillary adenocarcinoma ofendolymphatic sac, metastatic adenocarcinoma and atherosclerotic basilar artery in one patient for each entity.MRI could differentiate between usual and unusual lesions by proper identification of the site, extentand signal characteristic of each lesion

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of normal variations of corpus callosum according to sex and age

To evaluate changes in the size and morphology of the corpus callosum as regard sex and age. Two hundred persons with ages ranged between 20 and 80 years and had no psychiatric disorders or lesion involving the corpus callosum or adjacent structures including 100 males and 100 females were studied by MRI for brain. The study revealed increase in total callosal area in females than in males. The maximum changes in size were found in isthmus and splenium and least variations occurred in the trunk. There was no specific sex variation in genu and rostrum. There was definite decrease in the total callosal area in old age group in both sexes. In males the decrease was evident above age of 60 years and in females above the age of 70 years. The maximal decline in size was found in the genu. No specific morphological patterns could be described for corpus callosum in different sex or age groups. MRI is the most valuable imaging modality in evaluation of the corpus callosum. The females have larger corpus callosum evidently seen at posterior part. There is decline in size of corpus callosum in old age evidently seen in the anterior part

Magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of a lucent bony lesion on plain x-ray

To assess the ability of MFJ in characterization of lucent bony lesion noticed on plain x ray. The study was conducted on 43 patients with a lucent bony lesion on plain x ray and subjected to MRI examination. MRI showed homogenous signal in 26 lesions and heterogenous signal in 17 lesions. The signal was hypointense on T1WI in 37 patients and isointense in six patients. The signal was hyperintense on T2WI in 25 lesions, hypointense on T2WI in 12 lesions and isointense in 6 lesions. Contrast was injected in 18 patients and the lesions showed variable degree of enhancement. MI?J showed lobulation of the lesion in 17 patients, hypointense margins in 18 patients, fluid.fluid level in 12 patients, central hypointense signal in four patients, soft tissue mass in three patients and oedema adjacent to lesion in six patients. Final diagnosis confirmed presence of aneurysmal bone cyst in nine patients, non ossdying fibroma in seven patients, giant cell tumour in seven patients, osteoblastoma in four patients, osteoid osteoma, enchondroma, chondroblastoma, metastases and fibrous dysplasia in two patients for each pathology. Eosinophilic granuloma, chondromyxoid fibroma, arteriovenous malformation, Ewing's sarcoma, simple bone cyst and small cell sarcoma in one patient for each pathology. MRI was able to asses the fluid and cellular contents of lesions, presence of haemorrhage, necrosis, borders of the lesion, presence of soft tissue mass and oedema adjacent to lesion that could limit differential diagnosis and the need for histopathologic confirmation

Computed tomography [CT] versus magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] in differentiation between neoplastic orbital lesions

To compare between the role of CT and MRI in diagnosis of neoplastic orbital lesions. The study included 126 patients proved to have orbital neoplasm and were subjected to CT and MRI. The study included. 59 males and 67 females with age ranged from 12 days to 91 years. The orbital lesions were bilateral in 16 patients. The lesions were distributed according to their location in one or more of the five orbital compartments including optic nerve, globe, conal intraconal, extra-conal and preseptal space. The most frequent encountered lesion was lymphoma followed by following order: uveal melanoma, optic nerve glioma, juxtaorbital meningioma, retinoblastoma, optic nerve meningioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, metastases, pleomorphic carcinoma, leukemia, aneurysmal bone cyst, schwannoma, neurofibroma, capillary hemangioma, basal cell fibroma, lacrimal gland carcinoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant teratoma, osteoma, assifying fibroma and esthesioneuroblastoma. CT assessed the attenuation values of the lesion, presence of enhancement, bony changes and calc/lcations. MRJ assessed signal changes on T1 and T2WI and enhancement. CT and MRI are complimentary studies for imaging of orbital neoplasm

Knee trauma: MR imaging

To assess the role of MRI in evaluation of patients suffering from trauma. The study was conducted on 30 patients who had history of knee trauma and subjected to MRI examination. MRI showed bone contusion or fracture in 27 patients, the commonest site was found in lateral femoral condyle followed by medial femoral condyle and intercondylar eminence of tibia. All patients showed soft tissue injuries, the commonest injury was knee effusion followed by tear of anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus. MRI is the imaging modality of choice to assess knee trauma. It showed bony, cartilaginous, ligamentous and soft tissue injuries. It could characterize the nature of post traumatic knee collections

Role of computed tomography in localization and management of perforated uterine contraceptive devices

To define the role of computed tomography [CT] in localization of the perforated uterine devices [UDs]. The study included 30 patients referred to the diagnostic imaging department for localization of missed UDs that were proved to be present in the body by plain X-ray, Ultrasonography showed improper location of UDs. Each patient was subjected to non-contrast axial CT examination according to the site of the device that was seen in the topogram of abdomen and pelvis. CT determined the site of perforated UDs with sensitivity 100%. There were five devices partially perforating the uterus. Three of them were partly in the uterine cavity, myometrium and peritoneal cavity. Two of them were partly in myometrium and peritoneal cavity. One patient had two perforating devices at the same time rendering the number of missed devices 31. The remaining 26 devices were completely perforating the uterus with only one of them perforated the colon. CT localization of perforated contraceptive devices is mandatory before surgical extraction. It can determine the type of perforation whether partial or complete. It can detect associated adhesions or visceral involvement